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By Dr. Harry Tennant

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Friday, August 12, 2011

What has the greatest effect on student achievement?

This table is from a remarkable meta analysis by John Hattie. It attempts to quantify how much improvement various practices have been shown to yield in student achievement.

Terms used in the table:

  • An effect size of 0.5 is equivalent to a one grade leap (e.g., from C to B)
  • An effect size of 1.0 is equivalent to a two grade leap (e.g., from C to A)
  • An effect size above 0.4 is above average for educational research

The message of these effect sizes is that the ones near the top of the list can make a really significant difference in student achievement. When considering the question, What should I improve? in your continuous improvement program, consider improvements from this list, starting from the top down. One exception to that simple rule is, if an influence far down the list is easy to implement or convenient for other reasons, such as the use of calculators, go ahead and do so. Students will still get some benefit from it, just not as much benefit as from the influences with a larger effect size.

RankDomainInfluence Effect Size
1 Student Self-report grades 1.44
2 Student Piagetian programs 1.28
3 Teaching Providing formative evaluation 0.90
4 Teacher Micro teaching 0.88
5 School Acceleration 0.88
6 School Classroom behavioral 0.80
7 Teaching Comprehensive interventions for learning disabled students 0.77
8 Teacher Teacher clarity 0.75
9 Teaching Reciprocal teaching 0.74
10 Teaching Feedback 0.73
11 Teacher Teacher-student relationships 0.72
12 Teaching Spaced vs. mass practice 0.71
13 Teaching Meta-cognitive strategies 0.69
14 Student Prior achievement 0.67
15 Curricula Vocabulary programs 0.67
16 Curricula Repeated reading programs 0.67
17 Curricula Creativity programs 0.65
18 Teaching Self-verbalization/self-questioning 0.64
19 Teacher Professional development 0.62
20 Teaching Problem-solving teaching 0.61
21 Teacher Not Labeling students 0.61
22 Curricula Phonics instruction 0.60
23 Teaching Teaching strategies 0.60
24 Teaching Cooperative vs. individualistic learning 0.59
25 Teaching Study skills 0.59
26 Teaching Direct Instruction 0.59
27 Curricula Tactile stimulation programs 0.58
28 Curricula Comprehension programs 0.58
29 Teaching Mastery learning 0.58
30 Teaching Worked examples 0.57
31 Home Home environment 0.57
32 Home Socioeconomic status 0.57
33 Teaching Concept mapping 0.57
34 Teaching Goals 0.56
35 Curricula Visual-perception programs 0.55
36 Teaching Peer tutoring 0.55
37 Teaching Cooperative vs. competitive learning 0.54
38 Student Pre-term birth weight 0.54
39 School Classroom cohesion 0.53
40 Teaching Keller's PIS 0.53
41 School Peer infiuences 0.53
42 School Classroom management 0.52
43 Curricula Outdoor/adventure Programs 0.52
44 Teaching Interactive video methods 0.52
45 Home Parental involvement 0.51
46 Curricula Play programs 0.50
47 Curricula Second/third chance programs 0.50
48 School Small group learning 0.49
49 Student Concentration/persistence/engagement 0.48
50 School School effects 0.48
51 Student Motivation 0.48
52 Student Early intervention 0.47
53 Teaching Questioning 0.46
54 Curricula Mathematics 0.45
55 Student Preschool programs 0.45
56 Teacher Quality of Teaching 0.44
57 Curricula Writing Programs 0.44
58 Teacher Expectations 0.43
59 School School size 0.43
60 Student Self-concept 0.43
61 Teaching Behavioral organizers/Adjunct questions 0.41
62 Teaching Matching style of learning 0.41
63 Teaching Cooperative learning 0.41
Average Effect Size in Education for 500,000+ Influences 0.40
64 Curricula Science 0.40
65 Curricula Social skills programs 0.40
66 Student Reducing anxiety 0.40
67 Curricula Integrated Curriculum Programs 0.39
68 School Enrichment 0.39
69 Curricula Career Interventions 0.38
70 Teaching Time on Task 0.38
71 Teaching Computer assisted instruction 0.37
72 Teaching Adjunct aids 0.37
73 Curricula Bilingual programs 0.37
74 School Principals/ school leaders 0.36
75 Student Attitude to mathematics/science 0.36
76 Curricula Exposure to reading 0.36
77 Curricula Drama/Arts programs 0.35
78 Student Creativity 0.35
79 Teaching Frequent/effects of testing 0.34
80 School Decreasing disruptive behavior 0.34
81 Student Drugs 0.33
82 Teaching Simulations 0.33
83 Teaching Inductive teaching 0.33
84 Student Positive view of own ethnicity 0.32
85 Teacher Teacher effects 0.32
86 Teaching Inquiry based teaching 0.31
87 School Ability grouping for gifted Students 0.30
88 Teaching Homework 0.29
89 Home Home visiting 0.29
90 Student Exercise/relaxation 0.28
91 School Desegregation 0.28
92 School Mainstreaming 0.28
93 Curricula Use of calculators 0.27
94 Curricula Values/moral education programs 0.24
95 Teaching Programmed instruction 0.24
96 Teaching Special college programs 0.24
97 Teaching Competitive vs. individualistic learning 0.24
98 School Summer school 0.23
99 School Finances 0.23
100 Teaching Individualized instruction 0.23
101 School Religious Schools 0.23
102 Student Lack of Illness 0.23
103 Teaching Teaching test taking 0.22
104 Teaching Visual/audio-visual methods 0.22
105 Teaching Comprehensive teaching reforms 0.22
106 School Class size 0.21
107 School Charter Schools 0.20
108 Teaching Aptitude/treatment interactions 0.19
109 Student Personality 0.19
110 Teaching Learning hierarchies 0.19
111 Teaching Co-/ team teaching 0.19
112 Teaching Web-based learning 0.18
113 Home Family structure 0.17
114 Curricula Extra-curricular programs 0.17
115 Teaching Teacher immediacy 0.16
116 School Within class grouping 0.16
117 Teaching Home-school programs 0.16
118 Teaching Problem-based learning 0.15
119 Curricula Sentence combining programs 0.15
120 Teaching Mentoring 0.15
121 School Ability grouping 0.12
122 Student Gender 0.12
123 Student Diet 0.12
124 Teacher Teacher training 0.11
125 Teacher Teacher subject matter knowledge 0.09
126 Teaching Distance Education 0.09
127 School Out of school curricula experiences 0.09
128 Curricula Perceptual-Motor programs 0.08
129 Curricula Whole language 0.06
130 School College halls of residence 0.05
131 School Multi-grade/age classes 0.04
132 Teaching Student control over learning 0.04
133 School Open vs. traditional 0.01
134 School Summer vacation -0.09
135 Home Welfare policies -0.12
136 School Retention -0.16
137 Home Television -0.18
138 School Mobility -0.34

For more information and details of what these influences are, see John Hattie, Visible Learning.

Posted at 12:00 AM Keywords: continuous improvement 0 Comments

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